| Introduction to Bodhisattvacharyavattara |
|
|
Aucune traduction disponible It's a work written by Arya Shantideva in the 8th century and the name of it is Bodhisattvacharyavattara or in Tibetan - if I'm not mistaken – Jang.Chub.Sem.Pai.Chö.Pa.La.Jug.Pa, which means the Way to enter into the practice of a Bodhisattva or to train as a Bodhisattva.
This afternoon we will have a look at the excellent “companion” from various points, very important to go through once we feel engaged on the path of Mahayana So, maybe it would be nice to once more briefly explain what Awakening Mind is. Usually it is briefly translated as Compassion This is why it is considered as the highest motivation, because in this situation we are not looking anymore for our own sake, for our own pleasure, for our own satisfaction, we are looking solely for the happiness of others. For many people, this is a concept, which is almost impossible to understand and many times, people told me that there should be some rewards for such motivation, that there should be something back, because it is impossible just to give, that everyone needs to get something back when he gives. But I don't completely agree, in the sense that the only "satisfaction" somehow the Bodhisattva could have, is just to be able to follow his motivation, to continue his path, and through that path to be able to help the others. So, the Bodhisattva is not looking for anything for himself, he is not looking for any rewards back to his activities. And he just continues to do what is according to the Dharma The benefits of generating this Awakening mind are innumerable. It is a great benefit, of course for the person, who generated it, in the sense that once we generate that mind, once we are motivated only by the benefit of the others, we enter a higher path that will purify our past negative activities and that will help us to develop the highest possible wisdom. And it is of course the higher benefit for all the sentient beings in the sense that once such a being generates his wish to help all of them, at one point this help will come true, will come as a real benefit for them. So the generation of Bodhicitta The second chapter is called the Confession of Sin. It is in order to have very honest view about what we have been doing or what we are doing or of what we are, generally speaking. It is the mere recognition of that nowadays our mind may not be so well guided by ourselves, that we may not be engaged into such a virtue path. It is the understanding that we may not practice well enough, we may not practice far enough, we may not generate often enough this kind of Awakening mind, this kind of positive compassion and we generate something like regret in ourselves. If we have understood well the first chapter, which is looking at benefits of the Awakening mind, if we have understood well the second chapter, which is to look at how we behaved, how we tend to behave in our usually life and if we generated that wish to go further, to do more, to change the path of our life, according to the Dharma and according to the Awakening mind motivation, then we arrive naturally to the third chapter, which is Adopting the Awakening mind, which is to make the step: “okay, I understand how good is that motivation, I understand that up to now, what I have done, did not lead me to Liberation, and I make the decision that from now on, I choose this motivation as my guide in my life”. It is as we find a jewel somewhere, recognize its preciousness and follow the light that it produces. So, when we clearly understand the benefits of the Awakening mind, when we clearly understand how far it will lead us, and how far we will be able to help many people, following such motivation, then there is somehow no other choice than to adopt that motivation, to try to find all different possibilities in our life to apply this Awakening mind. So, once we have taken the decision to do something, once we have generated this strong wish to apply Bodhicitta, to apply this Awakening mind within our life, then the next step is the next chapter in the book, which is to apply our decision, to Apply the Awakening Mind within our daily life, to attend our own decision in a way. And this is to be done not toward certain amount of beings, this is not to be done with any restrictive type of mind, but this has to be applied to all kind of sentient beings in any situation. Of course it is easier to say it than to do it, but it has to be the motivation. At least if you have the wish to do something in one direction even if you can not do it immediately, you have to keep that motivation and you have to keep it without any discouragement. And slowly by slowly along the path in the following months it will be possible to change some attitude in our life and to come closer to that motivation. As we continue in the text, we would continue within our life. Once we really have taken the decision to apply and once we start to apply that motivation, we have to be extremely aware of how our mind is working. We have to be extremely conscious of how we act and how we react in those different events that would usually bring either aggression or hate or jealousy or whatever. So, the next, the fifth chapter is about the guard of our mind; to have this constant Introspection That introspection, that way of looking into our mind is similar to a kind of discipline, discipline that we organize in order that our life don't get disturbed, dispersed, but at the opposite so that all our activities, our thoughts, talks, get in one line, get in the direction of the spiritual progression, get according to a certain ethic of life, not necessarily following the crowd, not necessarily following all what the society would like us to do, in the competitiveness, in the collection of wealth and money and so on, but according to spiritual ethic of life. So, when I say to follow one line it is not to follow the line the society is leading, but to follow our spiritual path, to follow our deep inside motivation. This chapter is all about that, all about keeping our mind away from creating negativity, about keeping our mind away from engaging into negativity, negative action, negative talks, negative thoughts, and every time we would generate negativity, every time we would generate anger or whatever, the text say that it is much better to remain as a piece of wood, to remain immobile, instead of creating some negativity. So, we need this kind of introspection in order to know ourselves well and in order to know that we are not acting in negative way. When we watch our mind carefully, when we try to see exactly what is happening, then we can see that an attitude that comes often is a kind of aggression or a kind of anger that we tend to generate in many different situations and which comes from a lack of patience, a lack of capacity to endure the given situation. So, the next chapter within the Bodhisattvacharyavattara is dedicated to Patience. Almost every day at home, at work, in our relations with the others, there are many situations, where we tend not to be patient, and we tend to answer with anger or with aggression, with this type of mind that doesn't want to spend time or doesn't want to deal with the given event or other beings. All those motivations, all those situations create negativity, create negativity for ourselves, because we become unsatisfied, frustrated of a situation or another, and negativity in our relationship with the others. Anger doesn't help to keep good relationship with anybody, maybe our friend, maybe our boss, our girlfriend, boyfriend or whoever. So, due to that incapacity to be more patient, to be more attentive to the well-being of the others in all situations, we create a lot of disturbances, a lot of negative emotions. That chapter is dealing about how it is important to watch our mind carefully and to recognize that most of the time we generate impatience, generate anger on basis that should not be source of such disturbed emotions. And this is true in many occasions where we recognize that we were angry, and we say:” well, why I've been angry, why I couldn't handle that situation, because if I look well, it was not necessary to act like that. So I acted like that, because it was the quickest, the shortest way to react, but if I would thought a little bit more, if I would analyzed a little bit more the situation, then I could have understood that it was absolutely not necessary. I could have discussed, I could have talked, I could have even expressed my opinion firmly, without being angry, without losing control of my own mind”. There are sometimes situations in which we generate that impatience, aggressiveness, that are extremely ridiculous. In the text in the Bodhisattvacharyavattara Arya Shantideva makes a little analogy with little children when they build a sand castle. So they build their sand castle in the same way that we are projecting and expecting things in our life and at one moment the sand castle get destroyed by the sea, as it is the nature of the impermanence - it was not meant to last forever - but the child, not understanding this process well, gets angry and yells or screams or cries because the sand castle has been completely destroyed. And if we watch our mind well, we do not act in much more mature way in many situations. We start to yell at somebody or to kick at some things or to cry about an event, that was due to happen, that could had happen and that we should thought about the impermanence of that situation, but because we did not, then we felt destroyed as the sand castle. So, we can see, when we can talk about those examples, we are laughing about it, but when it really happens to us, in those moments, are we really laughing about it? It would be good, if we could keep a little distance from the example even when it takes place in our life. The computer is an example, but we can take a car as well, when we drive it; I will not repeat the example of a parking place, but there are many situations in our daily life in which we really get out of control, without noticing it sometimes, and if we think about it carefully a bit latter, then we say: “oh yes, well, this was completely stupid”. If would be better to say in front of the situation: “I will not get angry against it”. By developing that awareness about our mind, we will be able to catch slowly by slowly all the different situations in which we will tend to lose our temper or in which we would tend to generate negative emotions and to stop them in time, before they arise, before they overwhelm ourselves. Because as I said, when we think about them with a distance, it is funny, when we are in the situation, it is a bit less funny. Something that could help us in many situations is to understand the law of cause and effect, to understand better, to go deeper in the understanding of the law of the cause and effect. If we can understand that everything that takes place, everything that we experience is a result of the past created karma, that nothing happening to us is without created cause for it, then we will take a little more distance from it, we will take it like:” well, it is like this”. It doesn't mean to be fatalistic in front of a situation, in the sense that karma that we experience is coming from causes we have this life and past lives, but it doesn't mean that we can't change it, it doesn't mean that we can't improve it, and if we understand the law of cause and effect, of course we can improve it. Whatever is the situation in which we are, we can change it, we can turn it into something different; if we understand this correctly, then when an unpleasant event takes place then we could look at it with a little distance. To take the computer example: when you have spent one hour and a half to make a drawing or to type some text and of course since you were completely into it, you forgot to save it and there is an electricity shortcut and you don't have backup battery, then suddenly you lose one hour and a half, and it is very easy to generate negativity in such moment. If you have deepen your understanding of the law of the cause and effect, if you understand that you might be somewhere behind that event! And just to understand it, it helps you to have a little distance from the situation. We have to understand the importance of setting a quiet time in our daily life, a quiet time in which we will settle down our mind, in which we will appease our thoughts and during which we will meditate, during which we will focus our mind on a subject or an object. In many situations of the daily life, we do not have this space for the meditation and we get caught up in an emotion very quickly and without a possibility to really have a control over it before it comes out. If we make our mind used to take the decision to do not let anger or jealousy or whatever to happen too often, then we will slowly by slowly come into the control of it. So, it is important to have every morning and evening, for example, a little meditation time not necessary long, during which we will analyze different situations in which we have lost the control of ourselves, and to take the decision to try to do better, to change it for the best, because by doing that again and again, we will set a good imprint in our mind. All the point about the Meditation is described in the next chapter. Exactly how important it is to set this quiet time, how it is important to focus our mind on a subject and how to set it, with the right intension, with the right motivation, in the right way. And by setting the meditation, by practicing meditation regularly we can reduce the amount of negative emotions, we can reduce the strength of those negative emotions, and by the time it becomes easier to engage into the practice, to engage into virtuous actions with better and clearer approach to it, clearer view about what has to be done and what shall be avoid. Mediation is the eight chapter; then we come to the next chapter, which is about Wisdom, the ninth chapter, which describes the methods how to understand the real nature of everything that surrounds us. Most of the time, following the example of the sandcastle, we tend to take as real, as independent, as permanent, all the things that we enter in contact with including our own life. And due to that, we create a lot of expectations, we create a lot of projections on phenomena or beings that end up to be completely illusion and that end up in a lot of suffering, and a lot of sadness within ourselves or at the opposite a lot of anger and a lot of distress. This understanding of the true nature of the phenomena comes also with a good analyze of the law of the cause and effect, by understanding exactly that everything we enter in contact with is a result of past created causes; we understand that the way we perceive all the phenomena may not be exactly the way they truly exist, that there are a lot of perceptions that may be deluded, many situations, phenomena, beings, as well an event, a person or an object. So when we encounter whatever phenomena, we tend to give it its own existence, its own reality outside ourselves; in such way we generate anger if it's something we don't like or an attachment or a desire, when it is something we feel close to and we don't want to lose. But in any case, it is a misunderstanding of the reality that led us to generate any negativity and any disturbed mental factor. Usually we divide the reality in two ways to perceive it, two different truths to comprehend the existence in which we are. One is called the conventional truth and the other one is called the Ultimate truth On the other end we can not deny the flower as a form of existence, because I am entering in contact with, because I can feel it, so we say that it exists conventionally in our field of perception in this world; in that way, it does exist, it does have a function, it does have a name. Conventionally the things are existing, ultimately they are not. It is a little bit like when we dream. When we are within the dream, we take everything around ourselves as real. When you are inside your dream and you see things, you don't tell yourself, most of the time: “this is just a dream it does not exist”. You live in it, you perceive all the things, you smell them, you feel them, you name them, you perceive their function, yet when you wake up, you understand that it was not real. But you have been living in it, taking care of it, you have been attached to it, you have experienced pleasure, you have experienced hatred sometimes or fear out of phenomena, object or beings which were existing within the dream. It is in a similar way that we could perceive our world, that we could perceive all the surrounding as we do think that it exists in a complete, true, strong way and we project on it; and we get angry against it and we fear some things and we love some other things, but they may not exist exactly in that so strong, so ‘indefective’ way. I will not go too much in the details right now, but the feeling is this one: what we do perceive and take as real may not be exactly as we perceive it. So we shall try to have some kind of distance between the object or the phenomena that we are entering in contact with and our way to react to it, and we shall not react too strongly against something that we might be at the origin of it. And the next and last chapter is called Dedication. It brings me to give a little explanation, to explain the difference between positive karma and the merits. We have gone through the 10 chapters, of course it is extremely brief, and we could spend months on that text trying to go more in details. Question/Answer If some of you have some question? - Talking about karma. When we are facing a fact, is it necessary to search for the cause, or is it enough just to accept the situation? = It is not always necessary to know the cause of the things that happened to us, because not only it will be very difficult, but in some cases it may be completely impossible! The causes might not be in this life, but in past live and two lives before or more, so sometimes it will be completely impossible to know it. So in many situations it is good to have the understanding that it is coming from our past karmas, without the need to know exactly which cause has brought which result. - It is about a decision to serve the others; is it enough just to decide to serve the others in your mind, or must the decision come from your heart? = Of course it is not enough just to wish to develop that motivation. When we talk about Bodhicitta, we can for some time aspire to develop the Bodhicitta, but it will take some time before to really get it. And in order to get that Awakening mind, we have to practice, so just when we say: “I wish to serve the others”, doesn't help much. It will help to progress in the direction of the Awakening mind, but it has to be put into practice, and the practice is not a "Sunday practice", is not like a Sunday school, so it is not possible just to go to meditate in the Sunday afternoon in any temple and to say: “Okay, now I want to serve all sentient beings, may all my merits be dedicated for the benefit of all sentient beings”. It is not just the texts, or the mere intellectual understanding that will change our life. It is the application within that everyday life from the morning to the night and from night to the next morning. We shall be motivated by helping the others always and not only at some moment. Thank you for your patience!
|
| < Précédent | Suivant > |
|---|













